By default, php mail() is using sendmail, using a 3 steps process:
- mail() forks sendmail process
- sendmail attempts to send message to destination server
- sendmail returns to mail() when the message is sent
On a large batch of emails, you'll want to reduce the time spent of each mail() call.
Enter background delivery mode.
Update your your php.ini with:
sendmail_path = /usr/sbin/sendmail -t -i -O DeliveryMode=b
This sets the delivery mode to background
: the MTA will put the message in the queue and sendmail will return almost instantly in mail().
Note: If you're using Postfix as you MTA, it seems that this option is not necessary, since Postfix is not monolithic and always queues the message [see Postfix mailing lists].